Intelligence: n. "the global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally and to deal effectively with the environment"
As defined by American psychologist, David Wechsler
The most supported approach to intelligence involves psychometrics, or tests of intelligence. The concept of the intelligence quotient (IQ) was derived by German psychologist L. Wilhelm Stern and is the ratio of mental age to chronological age. Several popular IQ tests include the Stanford-Binet and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.
Critics of IQ tests have proposed new theories that take into account additional facets of mental ability. These include Howard Gardner and his theory of multiple intelligences, and Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence (analytic, creative and practical intelligence).
References:
- Brain Metrix. (2011) Intelligence Definition. Retrieved February 6, 2013, from Brain Metrix website: http://www.brainmetrix.com/intelligence-definition/
- Gottfredson, L.S. The General Intelligence Factor. Retrieved February 6, 2013, from Scientific American website: http://www.psych.utoronto.ca/users/reingold/courses/intelligence/cache/1198gottfred.html.
- Gottfredson, L.S. (1997). "Foreword to "intelligence and social policy"" (pdf). Intelligence24 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1016/S0160-2896(97)90010-6.
- Wechsler, D (1944). The measurement of adult intelligence. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.ISBN 0-19-502296-3. OCLC 5950992 219871557 5950992. ASIN = B000UG9J7E.
Further Reading:
- http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/finding-the-next-einstein/201302/do-gifted-kids-want-be-scientific-genius-today
- http://www.psych.utoronto.ca/users/reingold/courses/intelligence/cache/1198gottfred.html
Photo Credit:
http://dbsenk.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/brain-work-child.jpg?w=750